As my colleague Becca pointed out yesterday, the loss of Dark Horse as Star Wars’ comics licensee strikes deep. Dark Horse treated the Star Wars license with deep love, intense attention, and consummate professionalism.
As I look at what Dark Horse’s departure means for Star Wars going forward, I am struck by the ways this move potentially signals the new way of doing business under Disney, and by the way the larger move to Disney may resound going forward. In particular, I fear the move from an artistically-driven model headed by filmmaking auteur George Lucas to a profit-maximization-driven model headed by a boardroom of corporate suits.
I said that Dark Horse approached Star Wars with deep love. Dark Horse is, of course, a business. It needs to make a profit, and it makes business decisions with an eye toward raking in money. There’s nothing wrong with that. But that’s not all there is to Dark Horse; it is not a soulless corporation. For Dark Horse is in the business of making art, and from its output and the statements of its personnel over the years, it is clear that the people at Dark Horse care about their art. The people who worked on Star Wars for Dark Horse had passion for the stories they were telling, and they were making decisions on an artistic basis, not purely on a business one. The man in charge of the license for the bulk of Dark Horse’s run was editor Randy Stradley, a creator who worked his way up in the industry as a writer and continued to write comics during his tenure.
The decisions Stradley made as senior editor evince the fact that he was thinking about the art he produced as an artist, and not just a bottom-line businessman. He commissioned risky, niche, and unconventional projects like Legacy, Agent of the Empire, Invasion, Knight Errant, and Dawn of the Jedi. And that’s not even getting into Dark Horse comics like Tales of the Jedi, X-wing: Rogue Squadron, Crimson Empire, and Tales that were launched before Stradley’s tenure. Dark Horse was not a company of simple, safe, lowest-common-denominator choices. It didn’t pump out endless Luke-Han-Leia comics — in fact, it made remarkably few. Instead, it blazed a trail into new eras and made bold choices in the pursuit of producing the best art possible.
Dark Horse, as a creative-driven rather than marketing-and-accounting-driven company, is emblematic of the way Star Wars business was done under George Lucas. George Lucas may have gotten rich selling toys, but he simply isn’t a bottom-line-focused kind of guy. He is an artist, a filmmaker with a vision. You can say what you like about the quality of that vision as time went on, but Lucas was always an artist first and a businessman second. He didn’t sit in his office at Lucasfilm trying to figure out how to drive up profits in the third quarter. If he had wanted to wring every last dollar he could out of his franchise property, he could have churned out a Star Wars movie every third year, could have leaned on his subordinates to make sure their video games and comics and books were surefire mass-market hits, could have test-marketed his movies to make them as slick and popular as possible.
But he didn’t. He made movies only when he had a story to tell, and he made the stories he wanted to make and hoped the public would like them. He was a self-made millionaire who answered to no one and did what he wanted, and he didn’t have to worry about pleasing shareholders or keeping the stock price up with good quarterly earnings reports. George Lucas wasn’t a studio boss — he was an auteur who happened to have his own studio. He wasn’t an executive trying to make his boardroom of millionaire investors happy about the return on their money. He was a writer-director trying to entertain kids and adults, to carry across his own idiosyncratic vision in a way that would connect with the imaginations of others. And that attitude set a tone for all the Lucasfilm subsidiaries — they made their books and comics and games with an eye on profit, of course, but also with an eye on art, on creating great stories that would connect with audiences. They didn’t have to worry that Lucas would stomp in, demanding to know why they weren’t making him even more money, demanding they play it safe. Would we have gotten the bold, the wild and wonderful, of Tales of the Jedi, The New Jedi Order, Dark Forces, and Starfighters of Adumar from a business regime in which editors were relentlessly leaned on by suits to maximize profits?
Some people, reading this, may not see the distinction I’m making. They may not believe that there’s much of a distinction between artistic and corporate leadership in the making of corporate art. They may wonder what the real difference is between a franchise selling toys and a franchise being run to sell toys. Obviously, I could point to Hollywood, and the growing stifling of original stories and difficulty of making unusual or challenging art in an environment increasingly dominated by the corporate quest for huge box office returns. But I think the single best evidence to point to right now is Paul Dini’s interview with Kevin Smith, transcribed and summarized here, among other venues. In short, suits canceled a kids’ TV show because it was too successful — with girls, whom they assume don’t buy enough toys, or enough of the right toys. They wanted it to be dumber and louder and more sexist because they didn’t care about the quality of the programming, they cared about making money off it, period. That’s the state of a lot of creative big business right now. That’s the danger in a company that isn’t being run by creatives, doesn’t have a great deal of concern for the quality of the product separate from its ability to put money in their pocket — a company that’s being run by executives whose outlook is dominated by Marketing and Accounting departments.
And my concern is that Disney is one of those companies. Whatever its charming origins in the hands of Walt Disney, is currently a ruthless, monopolistically-inclined corporate behemoth. It’s run by executives who want to make money and run the competition into the ground. We saw the first fruits of this right away, when Disney announced yearly Star Wars films — because there are so many Star Wars stories Disney is dying to tell? More likely, because they want to milk a cash cow. Similarly, there’s little sign that Dark Horse had the license taken away because Disney was dissatisfied with the job it could do. No, Disney seems to have handed the license to its subsidiary, Marvel — in many ways less well-suited to the franchise than Dark Horse — so that it could make the most money possible off Star Wars. The purchase of reprint rights to Dark Horse’s material — unlikely to even be used — suggests that this decision was more about undermining a key competitor to Disney’s comic company than about doing what’s right for Star Wars comics.
I fear that, going forward, we’re going to see more of this bottom-line, executive-run way of doing business as the artistic integrity of Star Wars’ product takes a backseat to full-bore exploitation of a rich intellectual property. I’m worried that increasingly, decisions will be made by number-crunching suits rather than the artists. And the dismissal of Dark Horse only reinforces that concern.
This illustration of the consequences of Star Wars’ transition to a boardroom-driven corporate model leaves me mourning not just Dark Horse, but the primacy of creative talent in general under Lucas’s leadership. I had plenty of problems with where Lucas’s vision went in the last two decades, but as we face a future without him, I can increasingly appreciate the ways the Expanded Universe benefited, even indirectly, from his hands-off, art-first administration.
I’ll miss you fiercely, Dark Horse. And I guess I’ll miss you too, George.
One thing to consider, is what Disney did to Marvel’s films after buying them. If Disney acted as this article suggests, would there be a Guardians of the Galaxy film based on a cult hit? Or would they hire Edgar Wright for Ant-man?
Of course, there is an upside and a downside to everything. The post-NJO EU books had been artist-driven like the article said, but that vision (seemed to have been) Troy Denning’s. It included excessive gore, unspeakable things done to children, and with bugs.
Yeah, Artist driven is only as good as the artist in question.
It’s an interesting point, but I think it may speak more to the independence of Marvel within the wider Disney corporation than Disney’s commitment to artistic diversity. Decisions like those come from Marvel, not Disney. Marvel Studios is a full blown movie studio. Whether Disney is inclined to allow a similar level of independence and latitude to Lucasfilm remains to be seen…
And I suppose another unknown is Kathleen Kennedy. If Disney do let Lucasfilm do their own thing, we don’t really know what she will prioritise.
As to the article itself – I enjoyed the bittersweet point about Lucas’ artistic inclinations. It’s a really good one and not one I think I’ve considered enough. Whatever we may say about the results, he certainly did put his vision first. Ironically that was probably responsible for his flagging popularity.
“I fear the move from an artistically-driven model headed by filmmaking auteur George Lucas to a profit-maximization-driven model headed by a boardroom of corporate suits.” I find this statement rather bizarre, as if Lucas never had a massive profit motive in mind, and ignores that he probably eschewed artistry for profit in the lifeless prequels. In my mind, getting different creative minds involved in the Star Wars franchise is a good thing. No matter what company churns out Star Wars comics, in the end they will stand on the merit of the authors and artists of those issues and not the corporation behind it.
I believe his point was that if a “massive profit motive” was the driving force behind the prequels, they’d have happened a lot sooner–and likely the sequels as well. I think people look at the artistic problems of the prequels and just assume that they stemmed from crass commercialism, but I think there’s plenty of evidence to the contrary.
Nice article.
One of the most interesting aspects for me is it brings to the fore those aspects of Lucas that his own actions over the last few years have eclipsed! The tendency to keep tinkering with his successes no matter what, his attitude to the Expanded Universe – these tend to mask the fact that SW could have been run far more aggressively in market terms than it was.
“No, Disney seems to have handed the license to its subsidiary, Marvel — in many ways less well-suited to the franchise than Dark Horse — so that it could make the most money possible off Star Wars.”
Has it been discussed anywhere just HOW Dark Horse is better suited for Star Wars than Marvel?
As Becca notes, it’ll also be interesting to see what impact Kennedy has on the franchise in the future.
Well, I would say that both Becca and Lucas got into just that in their pieces this week, but Becca wrote another piece back in November that explored the possible license switch in much greater detail:
http://eleven-thirtyeight.com/2013/11/dark-horse-vs-marvel-the-future-of-the-comics-license/
Thanks, Coop. I’ll look forward to reading that.
I think that both touched on why DH was so good for Star Wars and generally why Disney might lead to issues, but I’m looking for Marvel specifically, and I think that link is more what I’m thinking. I actually don’t know what Marvel’s relationship to Disney is when it comes to the books themselves, so it’ll be interesting to see what Becca had to say. Though that does bring up one question, DO we know 1) how much input Disney has with Marvel in its current titles now? 2) What Lucasfilm’s relationship to Marvel’s work will be and 3) if Disney will be treating the Star Wars comics different than it does Marvel’s other titles? Or will that be more something we’ll have to wait and see about?
-MistrX
I guess that was more like three questions.
-MistrX